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Find Duplicates by John E. Bean, P.E. Version 5.00 May 1991 Copyright 1988, 1991 - JB Technology Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SEARCH METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 USING FIND DUPLICATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 PROGRAM FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 THE JBT TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 -1- INTRODUCTION Find Duplicates is an utility program for IBM PCs equipped with hard disk drives. Find Duplicates will search a specified drive(s) and find all duplicate files. Once the duplicate files have been found, they are displayed on the screen. Files can be tagged for deletion, viewed, printed or renamed. Find Duplicates was written in Turbo Pascal 5.0, utilizing Turbo 5.0 Professional by Turbo Power Software. The program requires 256K of RAM and a hard disk. -2- GETTING STARTED To run Find Duplicates in its simplest form, type FD at the Dos prompt. Find Duplicates has twelve (12) "Command Line" parameters. A "Command Line Parameter" are options which can be typed immediately after FD. Entering command line parameters will preload the Dialog Box. The "Command Line" parameters are: PARAMETER ACTION ----------- ---------------------------------------------- /D=<drives> This command line parameter is used when you wish to use either multiple drives or find du- plicate files on a drive other than the one you are currently logged on. Example 1: FD /D=D In this example, Find Duplicates will scan DRIVE D for duplicates files. Example 2: FD /D=D,c In this example, Find Duplicates will scan both DRIVE D & C for duplicates files. If a file on drive C is duplicated on drive D, Find Duplicates will find it. Example 3: FD /D=ALL In this example, Find Duplicates will scan ALL the disk drives on your computer, be- ginning with drive A. /BW This command line option will tell Find Dupli- cates to display everything on the screen in black and white. Find Duplicates can tell if your computer has a color graphics card, but it can not tell if your computer has a color monitor or not. This option should be used if you are using a laptop computer. -3- /RO This command line parameter should be used with care! The /RO command line parameter will include READ ONLY files when Find Duplicates searches the specified drives. /A This command line parameter will include files that are in ARC files. /Z This command line parameter will include files that are in ZIP files. /VW=<File> Find Duplicates comes with a program entitled, VIEW.COM. This program is used when you want to view a duplicate file. There are many file viewing programs that can be used. If you have a file viewing program you rather use, this command line option is to be used. Example 1: FD /VW=C:\LIST.COM In this example, the file viewing program LIST.COM is located on the root directory of drive C. When you depress the letter V to view a file, the program LIST.COM will be used instead of VIEW.COM. /PARTIAL This command line parameter will scan a partial list of files. /SLOW This command line parameter will start in the "SLOW" scanning method. /SLOWER This command line parameter will start in the "SLOWER" searching method. /SLOWEST This command line parameter will start in the "SLOWEST" searching method. /PASS=<#> This command line parameter is used only with the SLOW, SLOWER and SLOWEST searching method. Each of above methods has several plans. (See SEARCHING METHODS) /SD=<Drive> This command line will tell Find Duplicates which drive to store temporary files when using either the SLOW, SLOWER or SLOWEST searching methods. (If this command line parameter is not used, Find Duplicates will store the temporary files on the drive with the most free space.) -4- The following are valid examples illistrating the use of command line parameters. Example 1: You are logged onto drive C and want to find all the duplicate files on drive C. C:>FD <Enter> Example 2: You are logged onto drive C and want to find all duplicates files on drive D and want the output to be in black and white. C:>FD /D=D /BW <Enter> Example 3: You are logged onto Drive C and want to find all duplicates files on drive C and D, the output to be in black and white and use the SLOW method of scanning. C:>FD /D=C,D /BW /SLOW <Enter> -5- SEARCH METHODS Find Duplicates can locate duplicate files two (2) different ways. The following is a description of the two ways of finding duplicates files. HEAP ---- Programs are loaded into the memory that is in the first 640K of RAM. Most programs do not use all of this memory. In the programming language that I write in, the memory remaining is called "HEAP". The HEAP method of finding duplicates stores all the information that is required in available HEAP. This includes a list of all the drives/subdirectories, list of all ZIP/ARC files, all file names and the duplicate file information. Depending on how many files you have, and the amount of the HEAP available, this method may or may not be applicable. I have figured out roughly how many files Find Duplicates can scan. First, run CHKDSK to see how much free RAM space is available. The following formula will give you a rough estimate: Free Space - 137160 --------------------- = Number of Files 42 Example: Running CHKDSK indicates 585088 free bytes. 585088 - 137160 --------------------- = 10,665 Files 42 If the drives you are going to scan contains more than the calculated number of files, then you will be unable to use the FAST - FULL method of scanning. DISK ---- The disk method stores all the data, except the duplicate file list, in temporary disk files. Find Duplicate will automatically scan all your drives, to determine which drive has the most free space, to store these files. You can use the /SD=<Drive> command line parameter to specify the drive to use. (If you have a RAM disk, you may wish to use it for speed) -6- This method is slower than the HEAP method, but if you have a large amount of files, you will have to use this method. The Find Duplicates Dialog Box allows five (5) SEARCHING METHODS. The following are each method and a description of each. FAST - FULL (ALL VERSIONS) -------------------------- This method will search all the specified drive(s) for all duplicate files using the HEAP scanning method as described. If you run out of memory, the program will display an error message indicating the amount of files read up to that point. You can then run Find Duplicates again, using one of the following searching methods. FAST - PARTIAL (REGISTERED VERSION ONLY) ----------------------------------------- This method will search all the specified drive(s) for duplicate files within the range that you specify (i.e. A thru D) using the HEAP scanning method. If you run out of memory, the program will display an error message indicating the amount of files read up to that point. You can then run Find Duplicates again, using one of the other searching methods described below. SLOW (REGISTERED VERSION ONLY) ------------------------------ This is the first of the three (3) searching methods that uses the DISK scanning method. Each of these methods contains a plan with multiple passes. Find Duplicates will search all the duplicate files with who's first character is within the characters specified in that pass. If any duplicate files are found within that pass, they are displayed as described in the section USING FIND DUPLICATES. When all appropriate actions are taken, the next pass is perform. This process is repeted until all the passes are made, or Find Duplicates is aborted by depressing ESC while reading files from the disk or sorting the temporary disk file. -7- For the SLOW searching method the following are the passes and their associated characters which the files are compared. PASS CHARACTER RANGE ---- --------------- 1 A thru M 2 N thru Z 3 0 thru 9 4 ! thru / 5 : thru @ 6 [ thru ~ The three DISK methods can start at a pass other than pass number one (1) by using the /PASS=# command line parameter as described in the section GETTING STARTED. SLOWER (REGISTERED VERSION ONLY) -------------------------------- This is the second searching method which uses the DISK scanning method. Find Duplicates will search all the duplicate files with who's first character is within the characters specified in that pass. If any duplicate files are found within that pass, they are displayed as described in the section USING FIND DUPLICATES. When all appropriate actions are taken, the next pass is perform. This continues until all passes are made, or Find Duplicates is aborted by depressing ESC while searching for duplicate files. For the SLOWER searching method the following are the passes and their associated characters which the files are compared. PASS CHARACTER RANGE ---- --------------- 1 A thru D 2 E thru H 3 I thru L 4 M thru P 5 Q thru T 6 U thru Z 7 0 thru 4 8 5 thru 9 9 ! thru @ 10 : thru @ 11 [ thru ~ The SLOWER scanning method can start at a pass other than pass number one (1) by using the /PASS=# command line parameter as described in the section GETTING STARTED. -8- SLOWEST (REGISTERED VERSION ONLY) --------------------------------- This is the third and slowest of the DISK method. Each pass consist of a single character. The first pass is the ASCII character 33,(!) and the last pass is the ASCII character 126 (~). That means this searching method will search the disk drive ninety four (94) times. For the SLOWEST searching method the following are the passes and their associated characters which the files are compared. PASS CHAR PASS CHAR PASS CHAR PASS CHAR ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1 - ! 25 - 9 49 - Q 73 - i 2 - " 26 - : 50 - R 74 - j 3 - # 27 - ; 51 - S 75 - k 4 - $ 28 - < 52 - T 76 - l 5 - % 29 - = 53 - U 77 - m 6 - & 30 - > 54 - V 78 - n 7 - ' 31 - ? 55 - W 79 - o 8 - ( 32 - @ 56 - X 80 - p 9 - ) 33 - A 57 - Y 81 - q 10 - * 34 - B 58 - Z 82 - r 11 - + 35 - C 59 - [ 83 - s 12 - 36 - D 60 - - 84 - t 13 - - 37 - E 61 - ] 85 - u 14 - . 38 - F 62 - ^ 86 - v 15 - / 39 - G 63 - _ 87 - w 16 - 0 40 - H 64 - ` 88 - x 17 - 1 41 - I 65 - a 89 - y 18 - 2 42 - J 66 - b 90 - z 19 - 3 43 - K 67 - c 91 - { 20 - 4 44 - L 68 - d 92 - | 21 - 5 45 - M 69 - e 93 - } 22 - 6 46 - N 70 - f 94 - ~ 23 - 7 47 - O 71 - g 24 - 8 48 - P 72 - h When writing Find Duplicates, I assumed that anybody using this method will use the /PASS=# command line parameter to specific where to begin the search. For example, if you want to begin looking for duplicate files starting with the letter C then you would enter the following; C:\JBTT\FD /PASS=35 -9- USING FIND DUPLICATES Once Find Duplicates has been evoked, as described in "GETTING STARTED", a Dialog Box will appear. The following is the Find Duplicates Dialog Box. +-------------- Find Duplicates --------------+ | | | Drives to Scan Search Method | | D (∙) Fast Full | | Search Options ( ) Fast Partial | | [ ] Include Read Only ( ) Slow | | [ ] Look Inside ARCs ( ) Slower | | [ ] Look Inside ZIPs ( ) Slowest | | | | OK ▄ | | ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ | +---------------------------------------------+ The Dialog Box has four (4) fields. To traverse between the fields, depress the TAB key to go forward and SHIFT TAB combination to go backwards. Depressing the ESC key in any of the fields will abort the program. The following will list the four fields and describe what their functions are and how to enter data. DRIVES TO SCAN: --------------- This field is where you enter which drives you want Find Duplicates to search. Each drive letter is should be separated by a comma. If you want Find Duplicates to search all the drives system, enter ALL. Entering the drives utilizes a line editor which has many features that allow flexibility when entering the drive(s). The editing commands are: KEY ACTION -------- ------------------------------------------ <Enter> Accept Line Esc Quit without changing line Left Arrow Cursor left one character Right Arrow Cursor right one character ^Left Arrow Cursor left one word ^Right Arrow Cursor right one word Home Cursor to beginning of line End Cursor to end of line Del Delete character under cursor Backspace Delete character left of cursor -10- KEY ACTION -------- ------------------------------------------ ^End Delete to end of line ^Y Delete entire line ^Home Delete from beginning of line ^T Delete word to right of cursor Ins Toggle insert mode ^R Restore original contents of line Some valid examples of DRIVES TO SCAN are: A,B,C D,C,A ALL C,D,E Once the drives have been entered, depress the TAB key to go to the SEARCH OPTIONS field or depress SHIFT TAB key combination to go to the OK field. SEARCH OPTIONS: --------------- The SEARCH OPTIONS field is a CHECK BOX field. The Find Duplicates CHECK BOX field contains three options. Depressing the SPACE BAR will "toggle" the state of the option. If an "X" appears within the "[ ]", then the option is "toggled" ON. The CHECK BOX options are: INCLUDE READ ONLY Read Only files are files that can be read from the disk but can not be written to or deleted. If this option if "toggle" ON, then Find Duplicates will list a read only file as a duplicate file if applicable. If listed as a duplicate file, and marked for deletion, Find Duplicates WILL DELETE a read only file. USE THIS OPTION WITH CARE!!!! LOOK INSIDE ARCS ARC files are files with the extension *.ARC. An ARC file can have numerous files compressed in a single ARC file. If "toggled" ON, Find Duplicates will include the files within an ARC file as part of the scanning process. If a file within an ARC is marked for deletion, and Find Duplicates knows where the programs ARC or PKPAK are located, the files within the ARC file will be deleted. -11- LOOK INSIDE ZIPS ZIP files are files with the extension *.ZIP. A ZIP file can have numerous files compressed in a single ZIP file. If "toggled" ON, Find Duplicates will include the files within a ZIP file as part of the scanning process. If a file within a ZIP is marked for deletion, and Find Duplicates knows where the program PKZIP is located, the files within the ZIP file will be deleted. Use the ARROW KEYS and the HOME and END KEYS to move between options. Once you have "toggled" the options to your satisfaction, depress SHIFT to go to the SEARCH METHOD field or depress the SHIFT TAB combination to go to the DRIVES TO SCAN field. SEARCH METHOD: -------------- The SEARCH METHOD is a RADIO BUTTON field. A RADIO BUTTON field allows ONLY ONE option to be selected. A "∙" is displayed in the option that is "toggled". The SEARCH METHODS were discussed in detail in the section SEARCH METHODS. Use the ARROW KEYS and the HOME and END KEYS to move between options. As you move between options, the "∙" will move to that option. Once you have moved the "∙" to the desired search method, depress SHIFT to go to the OK field or depress the SHIFT TAB combination to go to the SEARCH OPTIONS field. NOTE: IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A REGISTERED VERSION, NO MATTER WHAT YOU SELECT AS A SEARCH METHOD, THE "FAST - FULL" SEARCH METHOD WILL BE IMPLEMENTED. OK: --- The OK field is a verification field. There are only two keys that can be pressed. SHIFT will inform Find Duplicates that the DRIVES TO SCAN, SEARCH OPTIONS and SEARCH METHOD fields have been correctly completed and to begin finding duplicate files. The SHIFT TAB combination will go to the SEARCH METHOD field. Once the Dialog Box has been completed, Find Duplicates will begin scanning the specified drive(s) searching for duplicate files. Depending on the method of scanning, heap or disk, informational screens will appear to visually inform you on what is going on. -12- After finding the duplicates files a display screen will appear. On the screen the duplicate files are displayed, separated by a blank line. The following are the keys and actions that can be taken. KEY ACTION ---------- ---------------------------------------- Down Arrow Move highlight bar down one file. Up Arrow Move highlight bar up one file. PgDn Move highlight bar down 18 files. PgUp Move highlight bar up 18 files. Home Move highlight bar to first file. End Move highlight bar to last file. Gray Plus, T Tag highlighted file for deletion. Gray Minus, U Untag highlighted file. SpaceBar Change the tag state of the highlighted file. If the highlighted file is "tagged" then the file will be "untagged". If the highlighted file is "untagged" then the file will be "tagged". ALT U Untags all the files. S Shows the status. The status includes the number of duplicate files found and their total file size, and the number of tagged files found and their total file size. R Rename the current file. P Print duplicate files to printer. V View highlighted file using VIEW.COM ALT O Temporarily suspend Find Duplicates, exit to DOS in the drive/subdirectory where the highlighted file is located. F1 Display Help Screen. F10 Erase tagged files. ESC Exit Find Duplicates. Once all the desired duplicate files have been tagged, depress function key F10. You will be asked if you are sure you want to erase the tagged files. If you depress "Y" the tagged files will be erased, a screen will appear listing the number of files that were erased and the amount of disk space recovered, and the program will be terminated. That is all there is to Find Duplicates. It was designed to be easy but powerful. I hope you enjoy this program and put it to good use. -13- PROGRAM FILES If this program is not part of the JBT TOOLS then the following files should be included on the disk. FILE DESCRIPTION -------- ----------------------------------------------- FD.EXE The Find Duplicates program. FD.DOC This file. VIEW.COM A file viewing program used with Find Duplicates. INVOICE.DOC How to order Find Duplicates. -14- The JBT ToolBox The program you are using is one of several programs that I have written that are either public domain or shareware. These programs have appeared on bulletin boards, distributed by ShareWare clearing houses and are included in several of the Dvorak-Osborne series of books. Most users of these programs are not aware that the other programs that I have written exist. I have created The JBT Tools to provide an interface that allows all my programs to be used. The following is the programs included in the JBT Tools and a brief description of each program. EzDoss EzDoss is a Dos Shell. As with all Dos shells actions can be taken on multiple files. I have used many Dos shells in the past and they have many features that are great. Unfortuneatly, all these features are not included in one shell. Therefore, I wrote EzDoss to include the features I like the best. Some of the features are: Copying/Moving When copying or moving files and there is a file with the same name on the destination, most Dos Shells offer only "Overwrite" option. EzDoss provides several options. They are: OverWrite: This option is typical. It will overwrite any the file on the destination with the file on the source. Newer: This option will copy/move the file to the destination only if the file on the destination is OLDER than the file on the source. Copy/Rename: This option will rename the file on the destination and copy the file from the source. Rename/Copy: This option will rename the source file, then copy the file to the destination. These options provide the most flexible options when copying or moving files. -15- Tagging Files: Multiple files can be "tagged". Besides taggin indvidual files, all files can be tagged, files can be tagged by specifying a "pattern" or by selecting a date in which files newer, older, same or a combination will be tagged. Help System: EzDoss's manual is online. Help for the current function can be displayed by depressing function key F1. Depressing Alt F1 will display the list of help "topics". There are over fifty (50) help "topics". Zip Management: Many of public domain/shareware users acess buletin boards. Files downloaded from these boards are compressed into a "ZIP" file. EzDoss allows files to be "zipped", "zipped" files to be "unzipped" and to display files withing a "zip". Those files displayed within a "zip" can be "tagged" and "unzipped", viewed on the screen or deleted from the zip file. Disk Sort: When files are displayed, they can be sorted eight (8) different ways. This does not sort the files on the disk. EzDoss DOES provide a public domain program that can be called from within EzDoss that will sort the disk. Search: EzDoss comes with EzFind. EzFind will search any non executeable files for a string. This can be used to find a key word within wordprocessing files that are not Ascii. These are just a few of the many features that EzDoss has. I use this program every day, and I am sure you will find it as useful. EzEdit: EzEdit is a text editor. The file to be edited/created is diplayed in a window. EzEdit can have multiple windows opened. A block of text can be copied to the "clipboard" where the text can be copied/moved into other files. -16- Windows moveable and resizeable. A pop up calculator and Ascii chart also come with the program. EzView: EzView will display an Ascii file in a window. EzView can have multiple windows opened. Windows are moveable and resizeable. EzLocate: EzLocate is a file finder program. Multiple drives can be scanned for files which meet the user specified masks. Multiple masks can be specified. EzLocate can also look inside ARC and ZIP files for the user specified masks. Find Duplicates: Find Duplicates is a program that can scan multiple disk drives and find all the files with duplicate file names. Once the drive(s) have been scanned, the duplicate files are displayed on the screen. Each file can be viewed (ASCII only), renamed, supsend to DOS in that file's subdirectory or "tagged" for deletion. Find Duplicates can list duplicate files that are stored in ARC and ZIP files. If your PC has PKZIP and ARC or PKUNPAK, those duplicate files can be deleted within the ZIP or ARC files. Back Off!: Back Off! is an utility that you will use on a weekly basis. Back Off! is a multiple file extension deletion program. It will search any and all drivs for files ending with extensions matching a previously prepared list. (i.e. .BAK, .CHK, .$$$). Back Off! will show you the matching filenames and their locations, and give you the option of viewing them and/or "tagging" and deleting them. CopyCon: When I first used a MsDos PC, I wrote small batch files using COPY CON command from the Dos prompt. If I had a dime for every time i goofed and had to start over again, I would be a rich man. I wrote CopyCon to help me write small batch files. CopyCon has grown since version 1.00 and now not only allows simple batch files to be created/edited, but allows graphic boxes, Ascii characters to be inserted and line centering. -17- One of the most important features of CopyCon is the on line help. Not only does the help provide information on how CopyCon works, but it is a reference on batch file commands including examples. Also included are two small programs that can be used in batch files and two useful batch files. They are STATUS.BAT which will read your PC and list out its status. The other batch file is MENU.BAT which is a menuing system that is all set up. You will find that these programs will increase your productivity and make using your PC easier. The following page is an INVOICE that you can order the JBT Tools from: JBT TOOLS INVOICE Remit to: From: JB Technology Inc. __________________________ 28701 N. Main St. Ridgefield, Wa. 98642 __________________________ (206) 887-3442 __________________________ __________________________ Contact Individual __________________________ __________________________ Quantity Unit Price Total _______ JBT Tools Software $35.00 ___________ _______ JBT TOols Manual $20.00 ___________ (Laser Quality) Total ___________ I want 5 1/4" _______ 3 1/2" _______ diskette. (Check One) Note that Back Off! computer software has been delivered and ac- cepted by the customer. Upon receipt of paid invoice, a current disk will be sent. FAX INSTRUCTIONS: After the July 4th, 1991 weekend, I will have a fax machine to take orders and comments. I am using a phone switch box so the phone number at the top of the page is also the FAX number. After the first ring, press the SEND on your FAX. This will allow the switch box to switch to my Fax machine. At that time I will be set up to acept VISA and MASTER CARD. If you want to pay by either, fill out the following: Card Number: ______ ______ ______ _______ Exp. Date ____/____ Type of Card: Visa _____ Master ______ (Check One)